Knowledge of the laws of metal forming helps to choose the most optimal modes of technological processes…

Knowledge of the laws of metal forming helps to choose the most optimal modes of technological processes, the required basic and auxiliary equipment and to operate it technologically wisely.

Metals, along with the ability to deform, also have high strength and toughness, good thermal and electrical conductivity.

When alloying metals, depending on the properties of constituents, materials with high heat resistance and acid resistant, magnetic, and other useful properties are created.

Man began to use metal in ancient times (more than five millennia BC).

First, they used non-ferrous metals (copper, copper alloys, gold, silver, tin, lead, etc.), later ferrous metals – iron and its alloys – were also used.

Metallurgical industry is divided into two main stages.

In the first metal is produced with given chemical composition of the starting materials.

In the second stage, the metal in a plastic state is given one or another required form in almost constant chemical composition of the material being processed.

The ability of metals to get large plastic deformation in the hot and cold state is widely used in engineering.

In this case, changing the shape is carried out mainly by using the tool, pressing on the metal.

Therefore, the product obtained this way is called the metal forming and plastic processing.

Metal forming is an important technological process of steel making.

This provides not only giving the ingot or slab required shapes and sizes, but also the mechanical and other properties of metals are improved significantly, together with other types of processing.

Rolling, drawing, pressing, forging, stamping are all different types of metal forming in the plastic state.

The development of rolling mills is based on the application of the principle of continuity of the process and all the technological operations (rolling, heat treatment, finishing, etc.).

In this case, the application of advances in computer technology plays a big role and automation of technological processes on this basis.

Along with the continuous increase in rolling production, the range of products is expanding, production of effective metal is increasing, such as cold-rolled sheet, bent shapes, rolled metal with heat-hardened processing, high-strength tubes, including those with protective coatings, production of copper wire, aluminum tape, foil, etc is expanding.

A set of measures to improve the consumer properties of rolled products is widely spread out: the improvement of strength, ductility, heat and cold resistance, reliability and durability, and others by doping, thermal processing, tinning, galvanizing, coating, inorganic and organic coatings, etc.

Pressing process has great development giving the opportunity to produce profiles with virtually unlimited possibilities for the shape of their cross sections, especially when processing hard-to-deform metals and alloys.

Production of sheet punching increases significantly, especially in conjunction with welding, riveting.

Cold heading, cold forging, calibration, extrusion, and others are further developed.